一:Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji

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The Japanese writing system consists of three different scripts: hiragana, katakana, and kanji. They are all extremely common, and you will also see many instances in which all three will be used in any given sentence.

コーヒーを飲みます。

Hiragana is the main phonetic system of Japanese, and one of the language's two native scripts. There are forty-six hiragana, representing the forty-six sounds of the Japanese language. Everything that can be written in Japanese can be written using only hiragana. Typically, it's used to write native Japanese words, conjugation endings, and function words.

 Typically, it's used to write native Japanese words, conjugation endings, and function words

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Katakana is the other native Japanese writing system. They represent the exact same sounds as hiragana, but are largely used to write foreign loan words and names.

Note that hiragana and katakana are both syllabaries, meaning that they represent entire syllables instead of just sounds

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Note that hiragana and katakana are both syllabaries, meaning that they represent entire syllables instead of just sounds.

こんにちは = ko・n・ni・chi・wa

テレビ = terebi

Kanji are Chinese characters that have been adopted into Japanese. As Japanese has so few sounds, kanji are necessary to distinguish in writing between words that sound the same when spoken.

髪 (hair) = かみ = 紙 (paper)

Note that kanji, unlike hiragana and katakana, are not phonetic—you have to individually memorize what each kanji's reading and meaning is. To be considered fluent, you need to know the top 2,136 kanji deemed essential by the government.

 To be considered fluent, you need to know the top 2,136 kanji deemed essential by the government

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⏰ Last updated: Sep 25, 2022 ⏰

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