Tamil language

Middle tamil

The evolution of Old Tamil into Middle Tamil, which is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century, was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes. In phonological terms, the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam (ஃ), an old phoneme, the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals, and the transformation of the alveolar plosive into a rhotic. In grammar, the most important change was the emergence of the present tense. The present tense evolved out of the verb kil (கில்), meaning "to be possible" or "to befall". In Old Tamil, this verb was used as an aspect markerto indicate that an action was micro-durative, non-sustained or non-lasting, usually in combination with a time marker such as ṉ(ன்). In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker - kiṉṟa (கின்ற) - which combined the old aspect and time markers.