Basic Grammar ala Kampung Inggris

5. Pronouns

Definisi: kata yang digunakan atau difungsikan sebagai pengganti noun.

Macam-macam pronoun:

Personal pronoun:

Subject: I, you, they, we, he, she, it

Object: me, you, them, us, him, her, it

Possessive pronoun: mine, yours, theirs, ours, his, hers,-

Reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself/yourselves, themselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself

Demonstrative pronoun: this - these, that - those

Indefinite pronoun: some, any, every, no + body, one, thing

Interrogative pronoun: who, whom, what, which

Relative pronoun: who, whom, which, that

1. Personal pronoun: kata ganti yang menempati posisi subject dan object

- Subject: I, you, they, we, he, she, it

Contoh:

Where is Harry? He is in the living room.

What are the students doing? They are watching a movie.

- Object: me, you, them, us, him, her, it

Contoh:

Object of transitive verb (VT): Harry loves her so much.

Object of preposition: There is no secret between you and me.

2. Possessive pronoun: kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan yang berasal dari personal pronoun; mine, yours, theirs, ours, his, hers,-

Contoh:

This is my car. >>> The car is mine.

Harry is her friend. >>> Harry is a friend of hers.

Fungsi:

Subject of verb: Hers will become mine.

Object of VT: He borrowed yours.

Object of preposition: She borrowed a book of mine.

Complement of subject: It is yours.

3. Reflexive pronoun: kata ganti yang kembali pada subjeknya, memiliki makna diri sendiri atau sendirian/ alone; myself, yourself/yourselves, themselves, ourselves, himself, herself, itself

Contoh:

Diri sendiri: She hurt herself. >>> Dia (pr) melukai dirinya sendiri

Sendirian/ alone: bisa ditulis dengan menggunakan pola by + reflexive pronoun atau by + possessive adjective (my, your, their, our, his, her, its) + own.

He can't lift this heavy box by himself. >>> Dia (lk) tidak dapat mengangkat box berat ini sendirian.

He can't lift this heavy box by his own.

Posisi dan Fungsi:

As object of VT: I love myself.

As object of preposition: They are talking to themselves.

As Adverb of Emphasize (penekanan):

of subject: We ourselves solved the problem. atau We solved the problem ourselves.

of object: He loves me myself.

4. Demonstrative pronoun: kata ganti tunjuk

Ini (dekat): this (singular) - these (plural)

Itu (jauh): that (singular) - those (plural)

Fungsi:

Subject of Verb: That made your mother sad.

Object of VT: Elsa will likes these.

Object of preposition: my brother beat me with this.

5. Indefinite pronoun: kata ganti untuk orang dan benda yang belum jelas

(+): somebody, someone, something

(-/?): anybody, anyone, anything.

(+/-/?): everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing

Fungsi:

Subject of Verb: Somebody gives me a flower everyday.*

*Indefinite pronoun sebagai subject diikuti oleh singular verb (V1 + s/es)

Object of VT: I found nobody in this room yesterday.*

*kalimat ini berbentuk kalimat positif, namun memiliki makna negatif

Object of preposition: Harry has talked to someone.

Complement of subject (CS): You are nothing for me.

Adverb of vocative: Everyone, help me!!

6. Interrogative pronoun: kata tanya yang digunakan sebagai pronoun, yaitu who, whom, what, which.

Contoh:

Who is calling you?

Whom did you call?

What is your name?

Which is your bag?

7. Relative pronoun: kata ganti yang mengacu pada noun yang terletak sebelumnya; who/ whom (person), which (thing), that (person/thing).

Contoh:

Relative pronoun subject:

The boy who is wearing a blue T-shirt is my son.

I know the lady who just came in.

Relative pronoun object:

She borrowed the book which I had read.

Elsa sent a letter that she wrote.