• only fluid connective tissue
* living cells (formed elements)
- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
• vascular system
* Non-living matrix (Plasma)
- 90% (water)
- 10% (solute)
CHARACTERISTICS
• Scarlet red and Dull red
• 7.35 - 7.45 (pH)
• Blood temperature ⬆️ body temperature
BLOOD PLASMA
• 90% water
- nutrients
- salts (metallons)
- respiratory gases
- hormones
- proteins
- waste products
PLASMA PROTEIN
• Albumin
- regulates osmotic pressure
• Clotting Proteins
- stem blood loss (injured)
• Antibodies
- protect from antigens
FORMED ELEMENTS
• Erythrocytes (RBC)
- carry oxygen
- 120 days
- anucleate (no nucleus)
• Leukocytes (WBC)
-soldiers of the body
-4,000 - 11,000
* Diapedesis
- move in and out
* Leukopenia
- low
* Leukocytosis
- above 11,000
• Platelets (Cell Fragments)
- 300,000/mm3
-multinucleate (megakaryocytes
• Agranulocytes
* Lymphocytes
- viral infection (eg. Dengue)
- B lymphocytes ( T lymphocytes)
* Monocytes
- increase WBC (active infection)
- active phagocytes
- chronic infection
• Granulocytes
* Basophils
- allergic reaction
- inflammation
* Eusinophils
- allergic
* Neutrophils
- bacterial infection
HEMATOPOIESIS
• blood cell formation (bone marrow)
• Hemocytoblast
• Lymphoid stem cell (lymphocytes)
• Myeloid (formed elements)
HEMOSTASIS
• stoppage of blood flow
* Platelet plug formation
- collagen > sticky > anchored > platelets
* Vascular Spasms
- release serotonin > causes blood > spasms narrow
* Coagulation
- thromboplastin (injured) > PF3 (Phospholipid) > prothrombin > thrombin > fibrin
~ Blood Clot (3-6 minutes)
UNDESIRABLE CLOTTING
• Thrombus
- clot in unbroken BV
- deadly in areas (heart)
• Thrombocytopenia
- platelet deficiency
• Embolus
- thrombus that breaks away in bloodstream
- can later clog vessels (brain)
• Hemophilia
- hereditary bleeding disorder
