Grammar Basics (Nouns)

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Number
Singular is indicated by a high tone on the first syllable, while plural is indicated by a low tone on the last syllable.

      examples:
īch - ïch
hūnd - hünd
dū - dü
sīē - sïë

Case
Nominative: the nominative is indicated by a high tone on the last syllable

Genitive: the genitive is indicated by a low tone on the last syllable

Accusative: the accusative is indicated by a rising tone on the last syllable

Dative: the dative case is indicated by a falling tone on the last syllable

Instrumental: the instrumental case is indicated by a bouncing tone on the last syllable

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