Water Pollution
Water contains impurities of various kinds - natural and Man made .
The natural impurities are not essentially dangerous.
These comprise dissolved gases and dissolved minerals.
A more Serious Aspects of water pollution is that caused by the human activity - urbanization & Industrialization .
These are results from
a) Sewage - Contains decomposable organic matters and pathogenic agents.
b) industrial and trade Wastes - contains toxic agents ranging from metal salts to complex synthetic organic chemicals
c) Agricultural pollutants - Comprise fertilizers and pesticides
d) Physical pollutants and radio active substance.
Water-related Diseases
The diseases affected by the ingestion of contaminated water either directly or through food or by the use of contaminated water for purpose of personal hygiene and recreation .
It may be classified as follows
A) Biological ( water bone disease)
1) Those caused by the presence of an infective agents like :- virus , bacteria , protozoa, Helminth , Leptospiral
2) Those due to the presence of an aquatic host such as Snails and cyclops
B) Chemical
Chemical pollutants includes
a) detergent solvents
b) Cyanides
c) Heavy metals
c) mineral Agents
d) dyes
e) pigment
f) sulphides , Ammonia
And finally toxic and biocidal organic compounds of great variety.
These pollutants affects man's health directly and indirectly.
In addiction to these , water pollution associated with the following : Dental health , Cyanosis in infant , Cardiovascular diseases , shigellosis , trachoma , Conjunctivitis , ascariasis and Scabies .
Some diseases are related to the diseases carrying insects breeding in or near water like : malaria , Filaria , arboviruses , Onchocerciasis , African trypanosomiasis..
Water Pollution Law
In India , Water pollution is becoming a serious problem. To protect water being contaminated the Indian Parliament in 1974 passed the "water (prevention and control of pollution) Act " .
It provides legal deterrent against the spread of water Pollution.
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