MCU Year: 2012~2016
In the first few minutes of the film, we see that it's post-2010 based on the prevalent touchscreen/smart technology. Not long after we see the NYC skyline including the revamped Avengers Tower.
This sets the film after 2012.
When Stephen Strange is preparing to leave for an awards ceremony, we see an award in his home that says "2016." Immediately after this shot the camera focuses on his watch with the date "Feb 2, 2016."
While driving the fated mountainside road, Stephen gets a call from "Billy" with a list of patients he might choose to treat. First is "a 35-year-old Air Force Colonel" who {"crushed his lower spine in some kind of experimental armor."}
Some fans claim this is a reference to Col. Rhodes' injury in CA:CW, but the War Machine armor is not experimental. Also, Rhodey is slightly older than Tony whom he met in college when Tony was still a minor. If Tony turned forty in 2010 in IM2, then Rhodey is much older than 35 y.o. in CA:CW.
Billy also specifies this injury as a "Mid-thoracic burst fracture." In CA:CW, when relating Rhodey's condition to Natasha, Tony says {"The doctors say he shattered L4 through S1."} 1:47:48
The injury Billy describes happens higher up the spine than the injury Rhodey suffered just above the tailbone. {spinal column diagram}
Stephen looks at the x-rays of John Pangborn who miraculously recovered. {Study Date: 12.9.14}
Stephen's physical therapist claims Pangborn's accident occurred "a few years ago," so we must assume the date on the x-ray is old. Sincd Stephen Strange was not yet a sorcerer in 2014, Hydra had some other reason for wanting to kill him using Project Insight.
The post-credits scene with Thor takes place during Thor: Ragnarok in 2017.
A line in Avengers: Endgame implies this film ends in 2017.
Conclusion: 2016-2017
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Marvel Cinematic Universe Timeline
NonfiksiWriting a fanfic? Want some accuracy? Here is a (mostly) headache free and reliable timeline of the MCU as well as chapters discussing specific movies and timeline controversies. Spoilers guaranteed. Best to read introduction before leaving comments...