Experiment - unknown principles or effect
Webster - each observation - trial test
Exp - first and foremost - artificial creation
Variable has a value of 0
Experiment is a challenge to nature - Beck
Exp is observation in controlled form
Observation and exp - basic sci tools
Special planning before exp
George H Zimmy - exp - strictly controlled env - observation of phenomena
Greenwood - test hypothesis - casual relationship
Tichner - psychologist - introspection
Detailed and in depth analysis
Measurement gives accuracy to an exp
Rational and objective data collected
limitations :
- unethical to create negative environment and put a person in it
- artificial creation
- care so that it doesn't become completely mechanical
- hard to be neutral
- artificial behavior if realises being watched
Relationship between two variables is imp in exp
Anything that has influence and can be measured is a variable
I V - manipulated
Mcguigan - both young and respcted researchers make mistakes aka errors
Way of controlling IV and controlled variables :
Technique of elimination
- supposedly best
- minimising the value of variable to zero, removing the possibility of influence
Eg. Silent room for no noise distraction in exp
- cannot be used everywhere
Eg. Gender, upbringing etc cannot be altered
Overlapping
- cover the effect of value or variable
- use of partition block - one sided translucent glass - Yale designed a done to cover effect of observer's presence on children's behavior
Control through value constancy
- factors unremovable are held constant
Eg. Sunlight
Sources of exp errors
- lack of control
- incorrect or defective selection
- bad procedure
- allocation to subject is wrong
- measurement error
- faulty equipment
- sub is aware of purpose of exp
For this —
Randomisation and improve control and double sided effect
Constant error types
- space
- time
Error is not used in context of true or false
Deviation in representative behavior of subject due to uncontrolled variable is an exp error
