SOCIAL STUDIES/ SOCIAL SCIENCE REVIEWER
1. Hecateus of Miletus was a Greek geographer and historian. His best-known work is his World map, which was based on a map that had been designed by Anaximander. How did he design the map representing the earth?
A. As a disc surrounded by ocean
B. visualized the earth as a rectangular form supported by compressed air.
C. a spherical earth with a central fire at its core
D. an irregular shape with oceans surrounding only Asia and Africa
Answer: A
Hecatæus's map describes the earth as a circular plate with an encircling Ocean and Greece in the centre of the world. This was a very popular contemporary Greek worldview, derived originally from the Homeric poems. Also, similar to many other early maps in antiquity his map has no scale. As units of measurements, this map used "days of sailing" on the sea and "days of marching" on dry land
Anaximenes of Miletus (6th century BC), who studied under Anaximander, rejected the views of his teacher regarding the shape of the earth and instead, he visualized the earth as a rectangular form supported by compressed air
Pythagoras of Samos (c. 560-480 BC) speculated about the notion of a spherical earth with a central fire at its core. He is sometimes incorrectly credited with the introduction of a model that divides a spherical earth into five zones: one hot, two temperate, and two cold-northern and southern. This idea, known as the zonal theory of climate, is more likely to have originated at the time of Aristotle
Herodotus rejected the prevailing view of most 5th century BC maps that the earth is a circular plate surrounded by Ocean. In his work he describes the earth as an irregular shape with oceans surrounding only Asia and Africa. He introduces names such as the Atlantic Sea and the Erythrean Sea. He also divided the world into three continents: Europe, Asia, and Africa
2. A type of map that are designed to show governmental boundaries of countries, states, and counties, the location of major cities, and they usually include significant bodies of water.
A. Topographic map
B. Political Map
C. Physical Map
D. Economic Map
Answer: B
Political maps are designed to show governmental boundaries of countries, states, and counties, the location of major cities, and they usually include significant bodies of water.
3. Map that focuses on the geography of the area and will often have shaded relief to show the mountains and valleys.
A. Topographic map
B. Political Map
C. Physical Map
D. Economic Map
Answer: C
A physical map is one that shows the physical landscape features of a place. They generally show things like mountains, rivers and lakes and water is always shown with blue. Mountains and elevation changes are usually shown with different colors and shades to show relief. Normally on physical maps green shows lower elevations while browns show high elevations.
4. A type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods
A. Topographic map
B. Political Map
C. Physical Map
D. Economic Map
Answer: A
A topographic map is similar to a physical map in that it shows different physical landscape features. They are different however because they use contour lines instead of colors to show changes in the landscape. Contour lines on topographic maps are normally spaced at regular intervals to show elevation changes (e.g. each line represents a 100 foot (30 m) elevation change) and when lines are close together the terrain is steep.
A climate map shows information about the climate of an area. They can show things like the specific climatic zones of an area based on the temperature, the amount of snow an area receives or average number of cloudy days. These maps normally use colors to show different climatic areas.
