In 1917, British foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour sent a letter to the leader of British Jewish community, Lord Rothschild. The letter contained what is known as the Balfour Declarationwhich was a public statement by the British voicing their support for the Jews during the first world war.
The declaration established that Palestine, which was now a British mandate due to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, was to be a national home for the Jews. Palestine was never the Brits to give.
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In World War 2, the Holocaust happened ( fun fact the number of Jews now, is still LESS than before World War 2 ) so in 1940's, because all european countries denied Jewish refugees basically leaving them with no place to go to leading them to seek refuge in palestine.
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Before Zionism, Christians, Muslims AND Jews all lived in peace. It was called the Holy Land for a reason.
