This is a study book for people learning osteology or anatomy. It features all the bones of the post-cranial skeleton, improving on some previous books with more detailed images of the bones of the feet. Each bone has their common features labelle...
The Sacum is made of 5 bones (3 vertebrae and two ala) and the Coccyx is made up of four. They usually fully fuse in late adolesence and typically finish by 25. The sacrum is generally more curved in males and flatter in females. In cases of spina bifida, the sacral hiatus extends superiorly into the fourth vertebra and possibly higher.
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Key Equations:
Sacral Index
The sacral index is found by dividing the maximum anterior breadth (the widest part across the wings) multiplied by 100 by the maximum anterior height (the height from the promontory to the middle of the lower front (anterioinferior) border) of the bottom sacral vertebra
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