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70 years ago, on July 22, 1952, the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic was adopted. In history, our country has had many constitutions, but only this Constitution (until 1956) was not just a pile of papers, but a real guarantee of the happy life of the nation and the sovereignty and independence of the Polish state.
On May 3, 1791, the Four-Year Sejm passed the 3 Constitution of 3 May. Let's give the floor to Marx, who said in a speech on the 2nd anniversary of Krakow Uprising, February 22, 1848:
,,And what did that Polish Constitution of 1791 proclaim? Nothing but a constitutional monarchy: legislative power in the hands of the representatives of the country; freedom of the press; freedom of conscience; open court proceedings; abolition of serfdom, etc. And all that was then called Jacobinism!"
These values, which were supposed to pull Poland out of the swamp of feudalism, did not have the opportunity to show their strength, however, because in 1792 Poland was flooded by the armies of Catherine II, who could not afford any improvement in the situation of the Republic. The king and the nobility did not stand up for the Constitution, trampled on it and pushed the Homeland back into the feudal pit in which the Russian, German and Austrian invaders had crushed us.
On March 17, 1921, the capitalists passed own "March Constitution," and on April 23, 1935, the "April Constitution". Both laws were repeatedly violated, both in domestic and foreign policy.
In the first years after the liberation of Poland from the yoke of Hitler's fascism, the ,,March Constitution" was in force. It was not a perennial tribute to fascist pre-war Poland. As the July Manifesto proclaimed:
"The basic principles of the Constitution of March 17, 1921 will remain in force until the convocation of the Legislative Sejm, elected by universal, direct, equal, secret and relative suffrage, which will adopt a new constitution as the expression of the will of the people."
On February 19, 1947, the Legislative Sejm passed the so-called "Little Constitution".
On May 26, 1951 the Sejm adopted the Constitutional Act "on the mode of preparation and enactment of the Constitution of the People's Poland", appointing the Constitutional Committee to elaborate the initial draft of the Constitution "in order to carry out a nationwide discussion on the project and the submission of motions, amendments and comments by citizens". At a plenary meeting on September 19, 1951, the Commission selected ten Subcommittees to work on specific issues and adopted general rules of procedure for their work. However, the Commission did not manage to complete its work by the date initially set. The term of the Legislative Sejm was therefore extended by the Constitutional Act of December 15, 1951.
The preliminary draft constitution was subjected to a nationwide discussion on an unprecedented scale - more than 200,000 meetings and deliberations were held, attended by more than 11 million people, including about 3.6 million villagers and about 2.7 million people participating in youth-organized discussions and deliberations. About 1.4 million citizens spoke orally in the discussion and 25,000 in writing. 2822 amendments were submitted.
