Upanishads contain the philosophical truths explained based on the Vedas. Hence, it is also called Vedanta. Some of the key truths explained are:
•Atman is indestructible, and only the body gets destroyed
•There is only ONE REALITY/TRUTH: it is called Brahman, Bhagavan, Isvara, Paramaatma, who resides in each living being as a witness
•Maya is defined as what is perceived be to be true, but it is actually not. Hence the entire material world is Maya as it gets destroyed periodically.
•Mukti/Moksha is when the atman removes the cloud of Maya (delusion) and becomes one with the Brahman, thus escaping Samsara (the cycle of birth-rebirth)
•Mind is the cause for bondage (attachment) and liberation.
•‘I am Brahman’- in reality, every jivaatma is a part of the universal spirit/consciousness
•Bhakti Yoga involves constant thinking/contemplation of the universal form of the Brahman or one of its manifestations (Krishna, Shiva, Devi, etc) and complete surrender to Bhagavan.
•Jnana Yoga involves constant meditation and SINGLE FOCUS on the Brahman which involves following the ashtanga yoga, until one becomes self-realised, i.e experiences the Brahman within.
This is JUST A FRACTION… there are obviously a lot more than this. The Srimad Bhagavad Geetha by Lord Krishna contains the ESSENCE OF ALL UPANISHADS.
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